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NY Regents 10.8: Tradition vs. Modernization

Tensions between traditional cultures and modernization — Atatürk, Iranian Revolution, China One-Child Policy, Indian liberalization. Aligned to NY Global II, Key Idea 10.8.
10thModernization20th CenturyCulture
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Collapse of the Ottoman Empire and Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey
Ankara, Turkey

This event unfolded in Ankara, the inland capital of modern Turkey — set on the Anatolian plateau, with the Black Sea to the north, the Mediterranean to the south, and the Bosphorus strait linking…

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Turkey's Adoption of the Latin Alphabet
Ankara, Turkey

This event took place in Ankara, the capital of Turkey — a city sitting on the high Anatolian plateau, with the Black Sea to the north and the Mediterranean to the south, and the narrow Bosphorus…

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White Revolution in Iran
Tehran, Iran

This is Tehran, the capital of Iran — a city sitting on a high plateau south of the Alborz Mountains, roughly midway between the Caspian Sea to the north and the Persian Gulf to the south. In 1963…

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South Korea's Saemaul Undong Rural Modernization Movement
Seoul, South Korea

Seoul, South Korea — the capital sitting near the northern end of a peninsula that hangs from the Asian mainland between the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan — was the command center for the 1970…

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Iranian Hostage Crisis
Tehran, Iran

This was Tehran, the capital of Iran — a high-altitude city sitting on the Iranian Plateau, backed by the snow-capped Alborz Mountains and positioned between the Caspian Sea to the north and the…

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China's One-Child Policy Implementation
Beijing, China

This event unfolded in Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China — the great northern city sitting on the North China Plain, where the Hai River system drains toward the Bohai Sea. In…

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1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
Beijing, China

This is Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China — the immense paved plaza at the symbolic centre of the North China Plain, where the ancient imperial capital sits between the Taihang Mountains to the west…

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Indian Economic Liberalization
New Delhi, India

New Delhi, the capital of India, sits on the broad plains of the Ganges-Indus heartland — flanked by the Himalayas to the north and tapering toward the Indian Ocean to the south, exactly the…

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Taliban Takeover of Afghanistan and Imposition of Islamic Law
Kabul, Afghanistan

This is Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan — a high-altitude city cradled by the Hindu Kush mountain range in Central Asia, landlocked between Iran to the west and Pakistan to the east. In 1996, the…

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China's Great Firewall Implementation
Beijing, China

Beijing, the capital of China — sitting on the North China Plain just south of the Great Wall and west of the Bohai Sea — was the seat of power where the Golden Shield Project, widely known as the…

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Nigeria's Sharia Law Adoption in Northern States
Kano, Nigeria

This event is anchored in Kano, the largest city in northern Nigeria — a vast country occupying the bulge where West Africa pushes farthest into the Atlantic, with its northern regions edging toward…

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September 11 Attacks
New York City, United States

This is New York City, on the northeastern coast of the United States, where the Hudson River empties into the Atlantic at one of the world's great natural harbours — exactly the dense island skyline…

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Arab Spring Uprisings Begin in Tunisia
Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia

The event unfolded in Sidi Bouzid, a provincial town in central Tunisia — sitting on the high interior plateau of North Africa, roughly halfway between the Sahara Desert to the south and the…

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Arab Spring in Egypt — Tahrir Square Protests
Cairo, Egypt

This is Tahrir Square in Cairo, Egypt — sitting in the Nile Delta where Africa's longest river spreads into the Mediterranean, at the continent's northeastern corner where Africa nearly touches Asia…

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