NY Regents 10.2: Enlightenment and Revolutions

This event unfolded in Venice, Italy — the famous lagoon city perched at the northern end of the Adriatic Sea, exactly where the Italian peninsula tucks under the Alps. In 1610, Galileo Galilei…

This event unfolded in Rome, Italy — the city on the Tiber River in the heart of the Italian Peninsula, which stretches south from the Alps between the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic Seas into the…

In 1687, Isaac Newton published Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica from Cambridge University, England. The book set out three laws of motion explaining how and why objects accelerate and…

This event unfolded in London, England — on the large island off northwestern Europe's Atlantic coast, separated from France by the narrow English Channel that the invading fleet had just crossed. In…

This was London, England — a city straddling the River Thames on the large island separated from mainland Europe by the English Channel and the North Sea. In 1689, John Locke published his Two…

The publication took place in Geneva, the city-state now part of modern Switzerland, tucked between the Alps to the east and the Jura Mountains to the west — exactly the Alpine crossroads the title…

This was Philadelphia, Pennsylvania — sitting on the mid-Atlantic coastal plain where the Delaware River flows south toward Delaware Bay, roughly midway along North America's eastern seaboard between…

This was London, England — the sprawling capital sitting on the Thames in the southeastern corner of the island of Great Britain, separated from continental Europe by the narrow English Channel. In…

This event unfolded at Versailles, just outside Paris in northern France — the grand palace city set on the flat plains of the Seine basin, roughly twenty kilometres southwest of the French capital…

This is Paris, the capital of France — sitting in the broad basin of the Seine River, north of the Pyrenees mountain range that separates France from the Iberian Peninsula. In 1789, an angry crowd…

This event took place in Versailles, France — the grand palace town sitting just southwest of Paris, where the Seine winds through the heart of northwestern Europe. In 1789, members of the Third…

This uprising unfolded on Saint-Domingue — the western portion of Hispaniola, the large Caribbean island shared today with the Dominican Republic, lying between Cuba to the northwest and Puerto Rico…

This event took place in London, England — the sprawling city straddling the River Thames in the southeast of the island of Great Britain, facing continental Europe across the narrow English Channel…

This is Paris, France — the city on the Seine's great bend in the heart of Western Europe, north of the Alps, south of the English Channel, and at the core of the continent's largest Atlantic-facing…

This event took place in Paris, France — the great city on the Seine River in northwestern Europe, sitting between the English Channel to the north and the Alps to the southeast. On January 21, 1793…

This is Cairo, Egypt — at the heart of the Nile Delta region on Africa's northeastern edge, exactly where the world's longest river fans out into the Mediterranean before the desert stretches west…

This event unfolded in Paris, France — the city straddling the River Seine in the broad Paris Basin, roughly midway between the English Channel coast and the Alps to the southeast. On November 9…

This event took place in Gonaïves, Haiti — on the western third of Hispaniola, the second-largest island in the Caribbean, nestled between the Atlantic Ocean to the north and the Caribbean Sea to the…

Paris, France — sitting on the Seine River in the heart of Western Europe, north of the Alps and just across the English Channel from Britain — is where the Napoleonic Code, or Code Civil, was…

Moscow, Russia — the historic inland city near the headwaters of the Volga, deep in the vast Eurasian plain that stretches unbroken from Central Europe to the Ural Mountains. In June 1812, Napoleon…

This was Vienna, Austria — a city cradled in the Alpine foothills of Central Europe, where the Danube River begins its great eastward sweep toward the Black Sea. In 1815, the major European powers…

The Battle of Waterloo took place in 1815 near the town of Waterloo, in what is now Belgium — on the low, gently rolling plains of northwestern Europe, just south of where the Rhine and Meuse rivers…

This battle took place at the Boyacá Bridge in present-day Colombia, a landlocked Andean crossing deep in the interior of South America — east of the great Pacific cordillera and well north of the…

This is Patras, in what is now Greece — a port city on the northern coast of the Peloponnese peninsula, exactly where the Ionian Sea meets the Gulf of Corinth, deep in the eastern Mediterranean…

This event took place in Mexico City, the highland capital of Mexico, sitting on a broad plateau roughly 2,200 metres above sea level and surrounded by volcanic peaks — exactly the interior…

This event took place in São Paulo, Brazil — on the vast South American continent, inland from the Atlantic coast and south of the great Amazon basin, near the Ipiranga stream. On September 7, 1822…

This is Paris, France — sitting in the Seine basin of northwestern Europe, with the English Channel to the north and the Alps rising to the southeast. In 1848, a wave of liberal and nationalist…

This event took place in Debrecen, Hungary — a city sitting on the broad Pannonian Plain east of the Danube River, cradled within the curve of the Carpathian Mountains in central Europe. In 1849…

Turin, in northwestern Italy near the foot of the Alps, was the capital from which the Kingdom of Italy was proclaimed in 1861 — the boot-shaped peninsula stretching southward between the Tyrrhenian…

This event unfolded in Vienna, Austria — the Habsburg imperial capital sitting in the Danube basin, where the eastern edge of the Alps opens onto the vast flat plain stretching toward Hungary. In…

This event took place in the Palace of Versailles, just southwest of Paris, France — the grand royal complex sitting on the flat plains of the Île-de-France, between the Seine River and the Loire…